Research for this article was funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council, UK (AH/J00362X/1), and the British Academy (SG101445). I am especially grateful to the staff at the Russian State Library and the Scientific Archive of the Russian Academy of Education in Moscow for their assistance in providing the necessary sources. I would also like to thank, for their feedback and support, Catriona Kelly, Aleksei Obukhov, Vitalii Bezrogov, Fadhila Mazanderani, and the two anonymous referees who assessed the manuscript for The Russian Review. Parent diaries of child development and early upbringing–sometimes referred to as “mothers' diaries”–are an important source in the historiography of Russian childhood. The article situates the production of Russian parent diaries, as practice and discourse, in the history of the Russian child study movement between the 1880s and the 1930s. It traces the key socio‐cultural and professional contexts in which parent diaries were initially promoted in Russia between the Great Reforms and the First World War. It discusses in greater detail two diaries published in the mid‐1910s (those of A.

Levonevskii and E. Krichevskaia) as examples of very different kinds of positioning of Russian parents on the boundaries of expertise in early child development, care and education ( vospitanie). It then analyzes the way in which some Russian psychologists (especially N. Rybnikov) enrolled parental diary‐keeping as an “objective” methodology in psychology in the late 1910s‐early 1920s. In this context, it examines, as a counter‐example, the idiosyncratic framing of the diary written by V. Rybnikova‐Shilova (1923), in which, unusually, maternal subjectivity was explicitly built into the scientific legitimacy of a child development diary. The conclusion sketches out the fate of parent diaries, especially as a method and genre of psychology, up until and beyond the 1936 liquidation of Soviet pedology under Stalin.

Biblioteka politprosvet-rabotnika. Pskov: Doloi Negra- motnost', 1924. A gramotu: Materialy po provedeniiu 3-kh dnevnika po. Letniaia rabota izby-chital'ni.

Prezentaciya na temu fotosintez 6 klass. Prezentaciya-na-temu.ru is tracked by us since March, 2012. Over the time it has been ranked as high as 2 699 999 in the world, while most of its traffic comes from Russian Federation, where it reached as high as 237 477 position.